What are the Types of Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma Types Based on Origin

Pleural mesothelioma

This is the most common type of mesothelioma that starts in the chest, occurring in about 3 out of 4 diagnosed cases.

Peritoneal mesothelioma 

This type of mesothelioma starts in the abdomen and makes up most of the remaining cases of mesothelioma. 

Pericardial mesothelioma

This is one of the rarer types of mesothelioma, often beginning in the mesothelium that covers the heart’s area.

Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis 

An extremely rare type of mesothelioma, it is characterized by tumors that start in the mesothelium layers covering the testicles. 

Mesothelioma Types According to How Cancer Cells Look 

Cancer cells may look different under the microscope. Their structure can determine the severity and the different treatment requirements. For mesothelioma, it can either be:

  • Epithelioid Mesothelioma - this type has the best outlook or prognosis. 
  • Sarcomatoid or fibrous mesothelioma - this type of mesothelioma makes up about 10-20% of all cases. 
  • Mixed or biphasic mesothelioma - this type of mesothelioma is characterized by having both epithelioid and sarcomatoid areas, and makes up about 20-30% of cases. 

Mesothelioma Risk Factors 

Risk factors are things that increase the likelihood of developing certain cancers and diseases. However, they may not be absolute guarantees of contracting the disease. If you or a loved one have a history of exposure, or diagnosis of the following, it may be wise to inform you doctor so that you can avail of the necessary tests:

Demographic Factors 

The risk of mesothelioma increases with age, primarily because of the long latency period from exposure to asbestos. It can still occur in younger people, but it is rare in anyone under the age of 45. About 2 out of 3 people with pleural mesothelioma are usually 65 years or older. 

Mesothelioma is also more common in men than in women. But this is more likely because more men are involved in jobs with increased asbestos exposure risk. 

Moreover, people with rare genetic mutations, such as hereditary BAP1 mutation may also have an increased risk of mesothelioma. 

Asbestos Exposure 

Asbestos exposure is the leading cause of mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma, the most common type, is linked to high levels of workplace asbestos exposure. It is usually found in people engaged in occupations that have previously used, or continue to use asbestos such as construction, ship building, and automotive works. The latency period for asbestos-related mesothelioma ranges from 10-50 years. There is a lifelong risk, so constant monitoring is necessary for early detection and immediate action. 

Zeolite and Radiation Exposure 

Zeolites are chemicals related to asbestos, such as erionite which is commonly found in rocks and soil in Turkey. Exposure to these chemicals is believed to correlate with high mesothelioma rates in the region. Erionite has been found in areas such as Arizona, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, and Utah. 

Radiation exposure, such as during radiation therapy for cancer, has also been found to increase the risk of mesothelioma development. This is still a rare occurrence, however radiation therapy has been found to increase the risk of cancer development in general. 

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Last Updated on 
October 31, 2024
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